Andrea Riseborough’s Best Actress Oscar nomination is proving to be this awards season’s biggest upset. Riseborough’s surprise nomination for her performance in a film called To Leslie seemed to come out of nowhere, the apparent result of an aggressive PR campaign pushing the film via celebrity tweets.

The campaign’s success has turned attention to a number of issues, from the ethics of PR campaigns masquerading as grassroots support (especially as it compares to the traditional, widely accepted method of funneling millions of dollars into a campaign) to the ways in which institutional racism plays out in the entertainment industry. It’s now also looking like Riseborough’s Oscar campaign might have been an outright violation of Academy rules.

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